AI job risk in Netherlands
In the Netherlands, 436 occupations covering 10,735,800 workers have been scored on a 0–10 scale for task exposure to generative AI. The employment-weighted average exposure is 5.3, indicating a moderate level of potential impact across the workforce. This score measures the degree to which job tasks can be automated or augmented by generative AI; a higher score suggests that many core tasks are susceptible to transformation, but exposure does not equate to job loss. Instead, it highlights where AI is most likely to reshape how work is done first.
Occupations with the highest exposure include Accounting and Bookkeeping Clerks, Statistical, Finance and Insurance Clerks, Data Entry Clerks, and Typists, all scoring 10/10, as well as General Office Clerks and Secretaries at 9/10. These roles involve high volumes of routine information processing, data entry, and document handling, which generative AI can automate efficiently. By contrast, the least exposed occupations are Craft and Related Workers and Building Construction Labourers (0–1/10), along with Hand Packers, Fast Food Preparers, and Butchers (1/10). These roles rely on manual dexterity, physical presence, or unpredictable tasks that AI cannot easily replicate. Among industries, Business, Finance & Legal (8.2/10) and IT & Digital (8.0/10) face the highest exposure, reflecting their reliance on analytical and clerical work, while Engineering & Infrastructure (4.9/10) has lower exposure due to its hands-on components.
20 jobs most exposed to AI in Netherlands
| # | Occupation | Code | Exposure | Average annual pay | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accounting and Bookkeeping Clerk | 4311 | 10/10 | €41,333 | 85,000 |
| 2 | Statistical, Finance and Insurance Clerks | 4312 | 10/10 | €36,667 | 45,000 |
| 3 | Data Entry Clerk | 4132 | 10/10 | €34,333 | 15,000 |
| 4 | Typist | 4131 | 10/10 | €31,667 | 8,000 |
| 5 | Water and Firewood Collectors | 9624 | 10/10 | €17,500 | 50 |
| 6 | Clerical Support Workers Not Elsewhere Classified | 4419 | 9/10 | €35,833 | 185,000 |
| 7 | General Office Clerks | 4110 | 9/10 | €34,167 | 180,000 |
| 8 | Secretary (General) | 4120 | 9/10 | €38,333 | 120,000 |
| 9 | Administrative and Executive Secretaries | 3343 | 9/10 | €40,500 | 85,000 |
| 10 | Applications Programmer | 2514 | 9/10 | €57,500 | 65,000 |
| 11 | Financial and Investment Adviser | 2412 | 9/10 | €66,667 | 45,000 |
| 12 | Advertising and Marketing Professional | 2431 | 9/10 | €54,167 | 45,000 |
| 13 | Software and Applications Developers and Analysts Not Elsewhere Classified | 2519 | 9/10 | €59,167 | 45,000 |
| 14 | Contact Centre Information Clerk | 4222 | 9/10 | €34,167 | 45,000 |
| 15 | Contact Centre Salesperson | 5244 | 9/10 | €37,833 | 35,000 |
| 16 | Receptionist (General) | 4226 | 9/10 | €31,333 | 35,000 |
| 17 | Clearing and Forwarding Agents | 3331 | 9/10 | €41,333 | 32,000 |
| 18 | Personnel Clerk | 4416 | 9/10 | €37,500 | 25,000 |
| 19 | Web and Multimedia Developer | 2513 | 9/10 | €56,667 | 25,000 |
| 20 | Systems Administrator | 2522 | 9/10 | €54,167 | 25,000 |
20 jobs least exposed to AI in Netherlands
| # | Occupation | Code | Exposure | Average annual pay | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Craft and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified | 7549 | 0/10 | €32,167 | 5,000 |
| 2 | Building Construction Labourer | 9313 | 1/10 | €36,500 | 95,000 |
| 3 | Manufacturing Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified | 9329 | 1/10 | €33,167 | 85,000 |
| 4 | Domestic Cleaners and Helpers | 9111 | 1/10 | €27,500 | 65,000 |
| 5 | Lifting Truck Operator | 8344 | 1/10 | €35,500 | 65,000 |
| 6 | Hand Packers | 9321 | 1/10 | €30,333 | 48,000 |
| 7 | Fast Food Preparer | 9411 | 1/10 | €27,500 | 45,000 |
| 8 | Butchers, Fishmongers and Related Food Preparers | 7511 | 1/10 | €32,167 | 35,000 |
| 9 | Painter and Related Worker | 7131 | 1/10 | €40,500 | 35,000 |
| 10 | Kitchen Helper | 9412 | 1/10 | €27,167 | 25,000 |
| 11 | Bricklayer | 7112 | 1/10 | €39,000 | 25,000 |
| 12 | Concrete Placers, Concrete Finishers and Related Workers | 7114 | 1/10 | €36,500 | 15,000 |
| 13 | Spray Painter and Varnisher | 7132 | 1/10 | €36,500 | 15,000 |
| 14 | Earthmoving and Related Plant Operators | 8342 | 1/10 | €40,833 | 15,000 |
| 15 | Ship's Deck Crew | 8350 | 1/10 | €41,833 | 15,000 |
| 16 | Vehicle Cleaner | 9122 | 1/10 | €27,500 | 15,000 |
| 17 | Window Cleaner | 9123 | 1/10 | €34,167 | 12,000 |
| 18 | Floor Layer and Tile Setter | 7122 | 1/10 | €38,000 | 12,000 |
| 19 | Structural Metal Preparers and Erectors | 7214 | 1/10 | €38,667 | 12,000 |
| 20 | Sheet Metal Worker | 7213 | 1/10 | €40,500 | 11,000 |
AI exposure by industry
| Industry | Occupations | Employed | Avg. exposure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business, Finance & Legal | 53 | 2,018,800 | 8/10 |
| IT & Digital | 23 | 670,300 | 8/10 |
| Government & Public Sector | 22 | 374,600 | 6/10 |
| Education & Community | 26 | 830,500 | 6/10 |
| Engineering & Infrastructure | 59 | 786,050 | 5/10 |
| Creative, Media & Personal Services | 54 | 615,000 | 5/10 |
| Hospitality, Retail & Tourism | 36 | 1,512,000 | 5/10 |
| Healthcare & Care | 43 | 1,426,900 | 4/10 |
| Transport, Logistics & Mining | 30 | 998,250 | 4/10 |
| Agriculture & Environment | 36 | 476,600 | 3/10 |
| Trades & Construction | 54 | 1,026,800 | 2/10 |
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Frequently asked questions
How much AI risk do jobs in Netherlands face?
Across 436 occupations covering about 10,735,800 workers, Netherlands has an employment-weighted average generative-AI exposure of 5.3 on a 0–10 scale — an elevated level. A higher score means a larger share of a role's day-to-day tasks can already be performed or assisted by AI.
Which jobs in Netherlands are most at risk from AI?
The most exposed occupations in Netherlands are Accounting and Bookkeeping Clerk, Statistical, Finance and Insurance Clerks, Data Entry Clerk, Typist, Water and Firewood Collectors. These are roles built around routine information work — writing, data handling and analysis — that large language models already handle well.
Which jobs in Netherlands are least exposed to AI?
The least exposed occupations include Craft and Related Workers Not Elsewhere Classified, Building Construction Labourer, Manufacturing Labourers Not Elsewhere Classified. Physical, hands-on and in-person tasks are much harder for current AI to automate, so these roles score low.
Does a high AI exposure score mean the job will be lost?
No. Exposure measures how much of a role's tasks AI can perform or assist with — not whether the job will disappear. A high score flags where AI is most likely to reshape tasks first, and where workers may benefit from building complementary skills.
Which industries in Netherlands are most exposed to AI?
By employment-weighted average exposure, the most exposed industries in Netherlands are Business, Finance & Legal, IT & Digital, Government & Public Sector.
How is the AI exposure score calculated?
Every occupation is scored 0–10 by combining two published research datasets — the ILO's Working Paper 140 index and OpenAI's ‘GPTs are GPTs’ task-exposure study — mapped onto Netherlands's official occupation classification and ranked on a single global percentile scale so scores stay comparable between countries.
Methodology & sources
Every occupation is scored 0–10 for generative-AI exposure by combining two open, published research datasets — the ILO's Working Paper 140 index and OpenAI's GPTs are GPTs task-exposure study — mapped onto Netherlands's official occupation classification, then ranked on a single global percentile scale so the numbers stay comparable between countries. Tile area is the size of each occupation's workforce, from official statistics. Full methodology & data sources →
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