AI job risk in Spain
In Spain, the employment-weighted average exposure of occupations to generative AI is 4.8 out of 10, based on an analysis covering 513 occupations and 26,602,850 workers. The 0–10 score measures the degree to which tasks within each occupation are susceptible to being automated or augmented by generative AI, based on how closely tasks align with AI capabilities such as content generation, data analysis, and routine decision-making. It is important to note that exposure does not equate to job loss; rather, it indicates where AI is likely to first reshape tasks, potentially leading to changes in job roles, skill demands, or working methods rather than outright elimination.
Occupations with the highest exposure, scoring 9 or 10, include accounting clerks, statistical and financial office employees, data entry operators, executive assistants, and software analysts. These roles involve repetitive data processing, record-keeping, and administrative tasks that align closely with current AI abilities. By contrast, occupations with the lowest exposure (0–1) include craft workers, domestic workers, labourers, kitchen assistants, and forklift operators, which rely on manual dexterity, physical presence, or non-standardised environments. Industries most affected are those with high administrative and analytical task densities, such as Business, Finance & Legal (8.5), IT & Digital (8.4), followed by Creative, Media & Personal Services (6.1), Education & Community (6.0), and Engineering & Infrastructure (6.0). These sectors may see task reallocation rather than major job losses.
20 jobs most exposed to AI in Spain
| # | Occupation | Code | Exposure | Average annual pay | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accounting Clerk | 4111 | 10/10 | €24,198 | 380,000 |
| 2 | Statistical, Financial and Banking Services Office Employees | 4113 | 10/10 | €24,198 | 125,000 |
| 3 | Data Entry Operators | 4301 | 10/10 | €24,198 | 45,000 |
| 4 | Administrative Employees Without Public-Facing Duties Not Elsewhere Classified | 4309 | 9/10 | €24,198 | 450,000 |
| 5 | User Information Clerks | 4411 | 9/10 | €24,198 | 450,000 |
| 6 | Executive Assistants and Administrative Officers | 3613 | 9/10 | €31,900 | 200,000 |
| 7 | Software and Multimedia Analysts and Designers | 2719 | 9/10 | €39,356 | 180,000 |
| 8 | Payroll and Personnel Clerks | 4112 | 9/10 | €24,198 | 85,000 |
| 9 | Personnel Service Employees | 4223 | 9/10 | €24,198 | 85,000 |
| 10 | Telemarketing Operator | 5420 | 9/10 | €18,993 | 85,000 |
| 11 | Web and Multimedia Analysts, Programmers and Designers | 2713 | 9/10 | €39,356 | 75,000 |
| 12 | Advertising and Marketing Professionals | 2651 | 9/10 | €39,356 | 65,000 |
| 13 | Financial and Investment Adviser | 2612 | 9/10 | €39,356 | 45,000 |
| 14 | Financial Analyst | 2613 | 9/10 | €39,356 | 45,000 |
| 15 | Finance and Investment Associate Professionals | 3401 | 9/10 | €31,900 | 45,000 |
| 16 | Legal Assistant | 3612 | 9/10 | €31,900 | 45,000 |
| 17 | Receptionist (Except Hotel) | 4412 | 9/10 | €24,198 | 45,000 |
| 18 | Travel Agency Employees | 4421 | 9/10 | €24,198 | 45,000 |
| 19 | Software Analysts and Designers | 2712 | 9/10 | €39,356 | 45,000 |
| 20 | Systems and Network Administrator | 2722 | 9/10 | €39,356 | 42,000 |
20 jobs least exposed to AI in Spain
| # | Occupation | Code | Exposure | Average annual pay | Employed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Other Craft and Related Trades Workers Not Elsewhere Classified | 7899 | 0/10 | €24,318 | 85,000 |
| 2 | Domestic Workers | 9100 | 1/10 | €17,017 | 450,000 |
| 3 | Building Construction Labourer | 9602 | 1/10 | €17,017 | 450,000 |
| 4 | Manufacturing Labourer | 9700 | 1/10 | €17,017 | 450,000 |
| 5 | Kitchen Assistant | 9310 | 1/10 | €17,017 | 185,000 |
| 6 | Forklift Operators | 8333 | 1/10 | €24,793 | 125,000 |
| 7 | Fast Food Preparer | 9320 | 1/10 | €17,017 | 120,000 |
| 8 | Bricklayer | 7121 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 110,000 |
| 9 | Formworkers And Concrete Operatives | 7111 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 85,000 |
| 10 | Painters and wallpaperers | 7231 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 85,000 |
| 11 | Vehicle Cleaner | 9222 | 1/10 | €17,017 | 68,000 |
| 12 | Plasterers | 7211 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 65,000 |
| 13 | Plasterers and Stucco Masons | 7212 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 62,000 |
| 14 | Steel Erector | 7314 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 45,000 |
| 15 | Operator of Rubber and Resin Products Manufacturing Machines | 8141 | 1/10 | €24,793 | 45,000 |
| 16 | Earthmoving Plant Operator | 8331 | 1/10 | €24,793 | 45,000 |
| 17 | Slaughterers And Meat Packers | 7701 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 45,000 |
| 18 | Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing Machinery Operators | 8114 | 1/10 | €24,793 | 35,000 |
| 19 | Painters in Manufacturing Industries | 7232 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 32,000 |
| 20 | Fish Processing Workers | 7702 | 1/10 | €24,318 | 28,000 |
AI exposure by industry
| Industry | Occupations | Employed | Avg. exposure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Business, Finance & Legal | 52 | 3,087,700 | 8/10 |
| IT & Digital | 21 | 895,600 | 8/10 |
| Creative, Media & Personal Services | 43 | 1,505,700 | 6/10 |
| Education & Community | 30 | 1,429,500 | 6/10 |
| Engineering & Infrastructure | 62 | 1,365,300 | 6/10 |
| Government & Public Sector | 36 | 1,521,700 | 6/10 |
| Healthcare & Care | 48 | 2,122,000 | 5/10 |
| Transport, Logistics & Mining | 27 | 1,731,800 | 4/10 |
| Hospitality, Retail & Tourism | 41 | 5,614,840 | 4/10 |
| Agriculture & Environment | 41 | 2,269,500 | 3/10 |
| Trades & Construction | 112 | 5,059,210 | 2/10 |
Explore more
Frequently asked questions
How much AI risk do jobs in Spain face?
Across 513 occupations covering about 26,602,850 workers, Spain has an employment-weighted average generative-AI exposure of 4.8 on a 0–10 scale — a moderate level. A higher score means a larger share of a role's day-to-day tasks can already be performed or assisted by AI.
Which jobs in Spain are most at risk from AI?
The most exposed occupations in Spain are Accounting Clerk, Statistical, Financial and Banking Services Office Employees, Data Entry Operators, Administrative Employees Without Public-Facing Duties Not Elsewhere Classified, User Information Clerks. These are roles built around routine information work — writing, data handling and analysis — that large language models already handle well.
Which jobs in Spain are least exposed to AI?
The least exposed occupations include Other Craft and Related Trades Workers Not Elsewhere Classified, Domestic Workers, Building Construction Labourer. Physical, hands-on and in-person tasks are much harder for current AI to automate, so these roles score low.
Does a high AI exposure score mean the job will be lost?
No. Exposure measures how much of a role's tasks AI can perform or assist with — not whether the job will disappear. A high score flags where AI is most likely to reshape tasks first, and where workers may benefit from building complementary skills.
Which industries in Spain are most exposed to AI?
By employment-weighted average exposure, the most exposed industries in Spain are Business, Finance & Legal, IT & Digital, Creative, Media & Personal Services.
How is the AI exposure score calculated?
Every occupation is scored 0–10 by combining two published research datasets — the ILO's Working Paper 140 index and OpenAI's ‘GPTs are GPTs’ task-exposure study — mapped onto Spain's official occupation classification and ranked on a single global percentile scale so scores stay comparable between countries.
Methodology & sources
Every occupation is scored 0–10 for generative-AI exposure by combining two open, published research datasets — the ILO's Working Paper 140 index and OpenAI's GPTs are GPTs task-exposure study — mapped onto Spain's official occupation classification, then ranked on a single global percentile scale so the numbers stay comparable between countries. Tile area is the size of each occupation's workforce, from official statistics. Full methodology & data sources →
Download / share this map
